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         Why Would the Flood Sort Animals by Cell Type?
                                  by Glenn R. Morton
 

Copyright 1998

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I have just read a fascinating article on the increasing complexity of life in over geologic time. The article is James W. Valentine, Allen G. Collins, and C. Porter Meyer, "Morphological Complexity Increase in Metazoans" Paleobiology 20(1994):2:131-142. The abstract states, "The number of cell types required for the construction of a metazoan body plan can serve as an index of morphological (or anatomical) complexity; living metazoans range from four (placeans[sic?]) to over 200 (hominids) somatic cell types.  A plot of the times of origin of body plans against their cell type numbers suggests that the upper bound of complexity has increased more or less steadily from the earliest metazoans until today, at an average rate of about one cell type per 3 m.y. (when nerve cell types are lumped)." p. 131

They have a chart which shows the number of cell types for various classes of animals vs. the time in which that group appears in the fossil record. Here is a list (taken from the chart so there is a slight error as I had to measure them):

Porifera                10 cell types  570 myr
Cnidaria                14 cell types  560 myr
Haemocoelic Bilaterian  30 cell types  560 myr
Arthropoda              51 cell types  530 myr
Echinodermata, Annelids 39 cell types  525 myr
Agnatha                 64 cell types  510 myr
Cephalopoda             75 cell types  500 myr
Actinopterygii         132 cell types  400 myr
Amphibia               150 cell types  330 myr
Diapsida               154 cell types  300 myr
Aves                   187 cell types  150 myr
Hominidae              210 cell types    5 myr

Clearly from this, there has been an increase in complexity throughout geologic time. The authors then constructed a computer model with 2000 beings in which each generation of the model the beings could go up or down in the number of cell types. This was done by pure chance. The only limit was that they couldn't have negative cell types. over a number of generations, the maximum number of cell types increased. When the shape of the curve is compared with the shape of the observed increase in the fossil record the randomly produced model matches the shape of the increase in the number of cell types over time.

This partially explains the Cambrian explosion. Starting from a one celled animal, the rate of increase in cell types is rapid at first but then the rate of increase slows down.  This is what the above data looks like if one plots it. Thus, random creation of novel cellular types is consistent with what we see in the fossil record.

Before people claim that chance is incompatible with God's creation, remember that God is omnipotent and thus is able to control chance. Chance doesn't control God. Nor is God a snivelling coward when He is faced with chance.

Now, can the global flood paradigm explain this order in the fossil record?  No! Assuming the onset of the flood was at the base of the Cambrian, it is clear that throughout the Cambrian period complexity in cell type increased. Yet the usual explanations for why animals appear as they do, mobility and ecological zonation, simply won't work here. Porifera, Cnidaria, Haemocoelic Bilaterian, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and annelids are not significantly different in mobility. Thus the flood can not explain why complexity increases as we go up the geological column, but evolution can explain it.