Chapter 1. Theological Problem of Fossil Man
This is an introduction to the issues that fossil men raise for Christian theology such as the place of Adam and who was Adam. A brief look is taken at the two major views relating fossil man to Adam. Also, there is a quick mention of why these views are insufficient and a book like this is needed. .
Chapter 2. The Players
This chapter examines the history of anthropology and the various fossil men that have been found. The players in this drama, both living, dead and fossil are introduced for the reader who is unfamiliar with them. Topics covered include the discoveries of Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Neanderthal, and anatomically modern Homo sapiens.
Chapter 3. The Response
Christians have taken one of several positions in relating fossil men with Adam. These include the young-earth creationist view of all fossil men as fully human and the old-earth anti-evolutionist position that places Adam as the first anatomically modern Homo sapiens. The many inconsistencies among the young earth creationists are also examined concerning which fossil man is ape and which is human.
Chapter 4. To Leave a Legacy
The nature of the archeological record is examined to determine what we can expect to be preserved from previous cultures and what we expect will not be preserved. Gaps in the archeological record are shown to be a natural outcome of the way things are preserved.
Chapter 5. Why Kangaroos Can't Talk
This chapter reviews the extensive evidence for speech among the representatives of fossil man, going back as far as two million years ago. The nature of language, the development of language, and its effect on culture and technology are examined. The language abilities of chimpanzees are shown to be less than is generally advertised, and the proposed inability of Neanderthal to speak is also shown to be flawed. The relation between brain size and speech is also shown to be non-existent, by the discussion of people with very small brains who could talk quite normally.
Chapter 6. A World Full of Religion
In this chapter, both the extensive evidence for ritual, worship and the manufacture of idols is examined. Both Neanderthal and Homo erectus have left religious and ritual sites that are comparable with those built by modern humans. Archeological evidence of shamanism and crystal gazing is presented. Evidence for the two oldest religious traditions, the bear cult and the female deity, is presented. The bear cult is traced more than 80,000 years into the past. The worship of female deities is traced back to 300,000 years to the days of Homo erectus.
Chapter 7. A Curse Upon Your House
The effects of the Fall are related to one single cause that produced the three effects: sweating, pain in childbirth and the need for clothing. The evidence for these "curses" is traced back 1.5 million years to the earliest Homo erectus. The uniqueness of human sweating is examined and contrasted with the sweating of other animals. The biological changes in humans that caused childbirth pain and the uniquely human form of fetal development are discussed. The indirect evidence of clothing is traced back to 1.5 million years.
Chapter 8. The Harmony of Eye and Ear
This chapter examines the visual art and music of fossil man. Contrary to what is often taught, art did not begin with modern men, nor did it begin in Europe. Examples of musical instruments are shown. We discuss the 100,000 year old flute and the oldest art work from 1.6 million years ago
Chapter 9. The Philosopher's Stone: The Technology of Fossil Man
The amazing technological abilities of fossil man are examined in detail. It is this chapter that is really the keystone of the book. Fossil man crossed the ocean as long as 800,000 years ago to the island of Flores, Indonesia. Fossil man built a village 400,000 years ago, and was engaged in carpentering wood up to 800,000 years ago. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, fossil man built walls, pavements, tents, spears and many other technological tools used by modern primitive peoples.
Chapter 10. Intelligence and Soul
This chapter examines the intelligence of fossil man. The claim is often made that their small brain sizes would leave them much less intelligent than modern man. This is shown to be false, based on modern small-brained people (some honors math students have had brains the size of rhesus monkeys) and on the abundant evidence of their planning for the future. Chimpanzees are incapable of planning more than a few minutes ahead. Fossil man planned days and months ahead for their needs. This chapter also examines the canard that bipedal, non-spiritual mammals could have made the stone tools that we find in the fossil record. The complexity of the manufacturing techniques is examined.
Chapter 11. Adam and Eve were not Married and Other Oddities
This chapter discusses the biological and genetic evidence that fossil men were our ancestors. It shows that skeletal traits unique to Neanderthal (who lived in Europe) are today found only in those of European descent. The mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosome Adam are shown not to be the Adam and Eve of the Scripture, as well as that the Biblical Adam and Eve did not live 200,000 years ago, but would have had to have lived many millions of years ago. The final item is the evidence for our genetic relationship with the apes. Like it or not, the genetic data clearly indicates a relationship, and Christian apologists need to come to grips with the data that science is generating.
Appendix: Chronology of Human Technology
This is a table showing the earliest appearance in the fossil record of various technologies. These include things like the earliest sewing needle, the earliest flute, the earliest village, etc. It is completely documented, as is the entire book. This table gives the history of technological development from 5.5 million years up to the birth of Christ.
The book has over 1000 references to the primary anthropological literature, 34 figures, and 8 tables. Including the index, it is 203 pages. There should be challenges in it for everyone.
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